Mapping world plates helps students connect topography, earthquakes, volcanoes, and plates. An example of this type of movement, called subduction, occurs at the boundary between the oceanic nazca plate and the continental south american plate. Scientists use seismographs that record earthquake waves to find the outline of the different crustal plates. Stewart 2 cartography and graphic design by will r. Gravity and mantle convection are two driving forces for the movement of plates. Historic preamble the permiantriassic boundary working group ptbwg was. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to simulate global mantle flow by incorporating plate motions, with. Pdf the central assumption of plate tectonics, that plate interiors are rigid, remains a. Generally, the depth of an earthquake is related to the type of tectonic boundary in which it occurs. Earthquakes and volcanoes are most likely to occur either on or near plate boundaries. Lightly shade in each tectoniclithospheric plate with a different color if possible.
In my experience, prior knowledge of plate tectonics and plate. Plates crash into each other along convergent plate boundaries marked by volcanoes and mountain belts. Discovering plate boundaries teaching materials collection. Plate convergence vectors referenced from united states geological survey. Tectonic plates california institute of technology. Large earthquakes on thrust faults occur at the boundary between downgoing and overriding plates. The convergent boundary between two such plates is marked by an ocean trench. Third edition published 2006 by tom simkin, 1 robert i. Convergent plate boundarywhere crust is recycled as one plate dives under anothe. Plate boundary boundary type stresses north american plate and the pacific plate near california nazca plate and the south american plate. Chinese continental shelf of exotic origin collided with continental china 100. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics plate tectonics is a theory developed in the late 1960s, to explain how the outer layers of the earth move and deform. An important change in ideas about plate tectonics has been the recognition that the boundaries between plates are often broad zones of deformation, rather than the narrow boundaries originally assumed in plate tectonic theory.
Morgans 1968 map showing the worlds plates indicates that the. The geographic datasets are broken out by plate type. We utilize the open access global plate motion model of muller et al. Using a doublepage size digital topographic map of the earth that includes both land and sea floor topography, students are asked to draw plate boundaries, deduce plate motions and interactions, and explore the connections between topography and tectonic processes at the global scale. Hence, although it used to be common to straddle the san. Another is the boundary between the north american plate and the eurasian plate. It is useful if they have seen a world map and know the names of the continents and oceans. Illustration of the main types of plate boundaries 55 k divergent boundaries divergent boundaries occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Map of the pacific plate boundaries and relative motion, from this dynamic planet. Which of these statements about activities along subduction zones is true. A few boundaries are newly interpreted from topography, volcanism, andor seismicity, taking into account relative plate velocities from magnetic anomalies, moment tensor solutions, andor geodesy. Find tectonic plate gis data there a few sources of freely available tectonic plate data that is available in various gis data formats such as shapefiles and kmz. Animation of plate motions and global plate boundary evolution since the late precambrian, geological society of america 2001 annual meeting, boston, november 26, abstracts with programs, v. Earthquakes form when building stresses within the earths solid crust are released in single instants of motion.
We present a global dynamic model that produces a good fit to such. The earth is composed of layers of different composition and physical properties, principally the solid central core, the fluid peripheral core, the viscous mantle, and the solid. Here are two plate tectonics maps which show more detail than the maps above. Topography, plate boundaries, and subduction zone seismicity contour map. A map of global tectonic and volcanic activity over the last one million years. Plates, plate boundaries, and driving forces visionlearning vol.
Analyze data on a world map that shows the locations of hot spots to determine patterns in hot spot formation. Reconstructed seafloor age and continental drift from muller et al. Pdf png this map can be useful to find rough geographic locations, etc. Global plate tectonic maps university of texas at austin. A global set of present plate boundaries on the earth is presented in digital form. Divergent margins and continental spreading centers.
Global distribution of the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary. Describe the type of stresses that occur at the plate boundaries in table 1. In general, plate boundaries are the scene of much geologic action earthquakes, volcanoes, and dramatic. The theory has caused a revolution in the way we think about the earth. Published by the american geophysical union as part of the geodynamics series, volume 30. Additional information about this exercise can be found at. Transform plate boundarywhere crust is neither produced nor consumed as plates selected fossil boundary former plate boundary, now inactive. The point where two plates meet is called a plate boundary. Mix with experts in different areas, decide where you believe plate boundaries are based on group information each student turns. The global stratotype section and point gssp of the permiantriassic boundary has been rati. Print the blank map of the world found at the end of the chapter and draw the major plate boundaries and label the names of the plates.
However, the accurate prediction of plate motions, boundaryzone deformation, rigidity, and stresses remains a difficult frontier in numerical modeling. Letter codes are abbreviations for parks on tectonic settings pages and the tectonic settingsmaster list on. Global distribution of the lithosphereasthenosphere. Note different types of boundary on a single plate. The earths plates move in different directions plates behave differently at different plate boundaries. Tectonic plates plate boundary referenced from bird, peter 2003 an updated digital model of plate boundaries. Animation of plate motions and global plate boundary evolution since the late precambrian, geological society of america 2001 annual meeting, boston, november 26, abstracts with. The narrowness of all plate boundaries, the other main assumption of plate tectonics as originally conceived, is contradicted by many observations, both in the continents. The length of the arrows on the map show yearly plate movement.
Discovering plate boundaries alison henning, rice university this version of the activity provides a description of an assessment requiring groups of students to use the knowledge they have gained in drawing plate boundaries to describe the plate boundary types surrounding a. Jun 14, 2004 the earths crust is constantly in motion. Geological survey geologic investigations series map. To learn more about plate boundary environments, complete the following.
Pdf animation of plate motions and global plate boundary. Where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, the oceanic plate tips down and slides beneath the continental plate forming a deep ocean trench long, narrow, deep basin. Plates, plate boundaries, and driving forces earth science. The type of expected plate motion convergent, divergent, and transform. A tectonic plate boundary is the fault line between crustal plates. Resources for world plate boundaries word docs for world plate boundaries maps the map on the next page is offered in several formats for classroom use. In addition, they helped scientists recognize that there are other types of plate boundaries. Plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained highresolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. Sections of the crust, called plates, push against each other due to forces from the molten interior of the earth. Global annual temperature and time for 18802005 and specified volcanic eruptions. Dec 28, 2016 find tectonic plate gis data there a few sources of freely available tectonic plate data that is available in various gis data formats such as shapefiles and kmz. Well the best way to see plate boundaries is to look for the major earthquakes. The narrowness of all plate boundaries, the other main assumption of plate tectonics as originally conceived, is contradicted by many observations, both in the continents and in the.
There are divergent boundaries, convergent boundaries and transform boundaries. The central assumption of plate tectonics, that plate interiors are rigid, remains a useful but uncertain approximation. Plates, plate boundaries, and driving forces earth. The oceanic plate is denser than the continental plate so, as they move together, the oceanic plate is forced underneath the continental plate. Plate motions and stresses from global dynamic models.
World map of volcanoes, oorthquakes, impact craters, and plate tectonics. World map of volcanoes, earthquakes, impact craters, and plate tectonics. The activity uses a simple wheres waldo approach to identify tectonic symbols on a laminated world. A global boundary stratotype section and point, abbreviated gssp, is an internationally agreed upon reference point on a stratigraphic section which defines the lower boundary of a stage on the geologic time scale. Mix with experts in different areas, decide where you believe plate boundaries are based on group information each student turns in own paper, though. An updated digital model of plate boundaries, geochemistry geophysics geosystems, 43, 1027, doi.
Convergence data are shown by arrows describing direction and speed, relative to the plate across the boundary. As students become aware of plate movements, they begin to identify patterns that set the stage for deeper understanding of a very complex topic. Plate tectonics and global impacts tutorial script where can we find plate boundaries on the planet. Global plate boundary evolution and kinematics since the late. Plates move apart at divergent plate boundaries such as the oceanic ridge system that separates the north american and eurasian plates in the north atlantic ocean. Use a model to explain the formation of continental and oceanfloor features that result from the movement of earths lithospheric plates analyze data on a world map that shows the locations of hot spots to. Plate tectonics theory explains 1 fit of continents 2 similar fossils on different continents. Plate boundary plates on either side of the boundary type of expected plate. Global boundary stratotype section and point wikipedia. A map of global tectonic and volcanic activity over the last one million years, showing. However, the accurate prediction of plate motions, boundary zone deformation, rigidity, and stresses remains a difficult frontier in numerical modeling. Feb 17, 2012 delineating the driving forces behind plate motions is important for understanding the processes that have shaped earth throughout its history.
Includes many maps for printing, and student worksheets. In this section you will find materials that support the implementation of earthcomm, section 5. These types of boundaries must be plotted on a map showing their approximate locations. Continental drift, sea floor spreading and plate tectonics. Since not everyone has access to a largeformat printer we offer the poster as a 3page, tabloidsize pdf file that can be printed and taped together.
Plate tectonics expands on the continental drift theory and is based on the concept that. Word docs for world plate boundaries mapsthe map on the next page is offered in several formats for classroom use. Introduction pdf discovering plate boundaries rice university. Symbols white arrows show plate motion direction volcanoes generalized hot spot arrow direction of plate motion great earthquakes since 1900. The land forms associated with the plate boundary mountains, valleys, trenches, etc. Use the table below and the map key on the types of plate boundaries map to draw the correct symbols identifying each type of plate boundary. The effort to define gssps is conducted by the international commission on stratigraphy, a part of the international union of geological sciences. Strain rates of stable plate interiors are bounded between 1010 year and. Global volcanoes 36 x 60 acrobat pdf 705kb jan2 12 age of seafloor rocks 36 x 60 acrobat pdf 2. The southern edge of the caribbean plate, passing through northern south america, is an example.
Discover how global mountain ranges are formed related to plate motions. By the end of 1967, earths surface had been mapped into a series of plates figure 10. Where plates converge and at least one plate is oceanic, dense oceanic lithosphere on one side of the plate margin sinks into the asthenosphere in a subduction zone. Delineating the driving forces behind plate motions is important for understanding the processes that have shaped earth throughout its history.
The point at which this happens is called the subduction zone. In 2003, peter bird published a global data set of plate boundaries citation. Hence, although it used to be common to straddle the san andreas fault and view. Aug 27, 2010 plate tectonics is regulated by driving and resisting forces concentrated at plate boundaries, but observationally constrained highresolution models of global mantle flow remain a computational challenge. The motions of most major plates are well constrained by a model velocity field obtained in a leastsquares fit to the observed geodetic velocities for those plates. Closely spaced earthquakes with a range of depths that deepen i. We present a global dynamic model that produces a good fit to such parameters by accounting for. Continents are drifting across the face of our planet.
Plate motions and stresses from global dynamic models science. Activityworld map of plate boundaries wheres waldostyle geography. Since the development of the theory, geologists have had to reexamine almost every aspect of. Pacific plate south american plate plate boundary map this map is from dietmar mueller, univ. Plate boundary zones broad belts in which boundaries are not well defined and the effects of plate interaction are unclear. The source code for both tensor clustering and global boundary refinement will be made publicly available with the publication. Superimposed in red are the more than 400 national park system sites. We capitalized on advances in adaptive mesh refinement algorithms on parallel computers to simulate global mantle flow by incorporating plate motions, with individual plate margins resolved. Global distribution of the lithosphereasthenosphere boundary 201 fig.
The activity uses a simple wheres waldo approach to identify tectonic symbols on a laminated world plate tectonic map. Types of plate boundaries map identification activity. Types of plate boundaries map identification directions b 1. The plate tectonics mapping activity allows students to easily begin to identify basic tectonic processes on a global scale. These observations about the distribution of earthquakes and volcanoes helped geologists define the processes that occur at spreading ridges and subduction zones. The areas where these plates collide often have increased volcanic and earthquake activity. In addition to occurring in the ocean, there are also some areas where earthquakes occur at divergent plate boundaries on continents. The lithosphere lithosphere is comprised of the upper mantle and the crust, the outer shell of the earth. This usually involves a continental plate and an oceanic plate.
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