In this experiment we use a liquid of known refractive index, say water, to find out the radii of curvature of the lens. Mxim introduces the max14515, a dctoac liquid lens driver for autofocus af camera modules. The pointer is free to move along the axis of the vertical post and can be easily clamped at desired positions. Industrys smallest liquid lens driver for tiny autofocus camera modules sunnyvale, cadecember 4, 2008maxim integrated products nasdaq. Physics project on liquid lens lens optics optics scribd. Fluid droplets could replace plastic lenses in cellphone cameras, banishing blurry photos.
In this experiment, we will be dealing only with thin lenses. Electrowetting has recently become popular in many applications including a liquid lens. The liquid lens allows electronic focus throughout the focus range of the imaging lens. This document gives a complete project report on the phenomenon of liquid lens system. Osa wideangle nonmechanical beam steering using liquid lenses. In optics, the refractive index or index of refraction n of a material is a dimensionless number that describes how light propagates through that medium. Experiment 19 to find refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and.
Liquid refractive index measurement system based on. Osa lowvoltage tunable liquid crystal lens fabricated with. To determine the refractive index of a liquid using convex lens by parallax method. Liquid lens technology has a wide range of applications. The liquid lens from varioptic also uses electrowetting.
To find the refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens. This arrangement made possible the galilean telescope, named after its 17th century inventor, galileo. Finding the focal length of a lens using the ray box. Convex lens, liquid, plane mirror, retort stand with clamp and pin, spherometer, meter rule. Oct 24, 2011 a liquid lens is pretty much exactly what it sounds like.
Now adjust the arrow along the vertical stand till its inverted image formed by the combination coincides with the arrow i. Liquid lens apparatus holmarc optomechatronics pvt. It should be noted that the external driving voltage adjustment of the electrowetting lens is realized by a computer software operating a. The detector is an indium based liquid scintillator. The really cool thing about them is that, though they have no moving parts unless you count the liquid itself, they can achieve a pretty wide range of dynamicallyvariable focal lengths over a relatively short optical path. You can calculate the refractive index of the liquid using the equation, you can verify your results by clicking on the show result button.
Proper recordings of measurements, graphing and scientific analysis of graphs advice to tutors 1. The theory behind liquid lens is based on the properties of one or more fluids to create magnifications within a small amount of space. An immersive headmounted display with a liquid lens. Determination of the refractive index of a liquid by a liquid. A pointer illuminated with led is mounted on the vertical post. The applied voltage can shape the oil in various ways, making a variable focus liquid lens. So that, a thin planeconcave lens of the liquid is formed. Liquid lens experiment, to find the refractive index of. Please refer laboratory manual class xi ncert experiment3. To find the focal length of a convex mirror, using a convex lens. However, reported liquid lenses based on electrowetting had a limitation of integration onto a. Physics project on liquid lens free download as word doc.
This is the tendency of liquid to spread on a substrate, paillard explains. Experiment 19 to find refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror. The surface profile of the liquid determines the focal length of liquid lens system and how the liquid lens focuses light rays. The two liquids are sealed and held in a metal casing thats typically smaller than 10 mm in diameter. This design combines the liquid lens with an immersive hmd system to improve the image quality for myopic and hyperopic users.
The researchers suggest that a camera using this liquid lens could take tens of pictures at the press of a button and let software sort out the one thats most in focus. By numerical simulation, rgpa lc lens has significantly lower supplied voltage than conventionally holepatterned electrode hpe lc lens, and higher lens power. Here, we present an innovative technique for one and twodimensional beam steering using multiple tunable liquid lenses. We use an approach in which one lens controls the spot divergence, and one to two. Liquid lens structure the lens has a simple structure. The goal of the lens experiment is to measure, in real time, the primary low energy submev solar neutrino spectrum, with special attention to the pp, cno and 7 beneutrinos. Innovative, reliable and outstanding just like our products. Determination of the refractive index of a fluid 3. For a droplet in the sessile drop experiment, the curvature of the droplet depends on the contact angle. Now place a few drops of the given liquid in between the lens and the mirror. The step by step table below shows the appropriate imaging lens, adapter, and liquid lens combination required for various sensor sizes.
To create a liquid lens, a small, nearspherical drop of oil is placed in a sealed glass cell filled with water or a similar clear liquid that doesnt mix with oil. The top substrate has an aperture which is sealed with a thin elastic membrane on the outer surface and the bottom. In particular we will find the focal length of a lens converging using the lens equation. In the experiment, the fabricated rgpa lc lens with aperture size of 5 mm possesses a simple planar electrode structure, low operation voltage optics.
The liquid lens physics astronomy project topics, physics science fair projects, pyhsical science, astrology, planets solar experiments for kids and also organics physics science ideas for cbse, icse, gcse, middleschool, elementary school for 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and high school students for the year 2016. To find the refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror. It means we can tune the shape of the drop to create a lens. As an advisor on food safety and legislation to all sectors in the uk food industry, shelley explains more about whats involved in becoming compliant with food handling law.
Liquid lenses use an electrowetting process to achieve superior autofocus capabilities. Major camera makers including olympus, samsung and sony have all filed patents in recent days. Because the liquid lens is so small, light and inexpensive, it can easily be incorporated into a variety of objects. By controlling the liquid pressure working on the membranes, the.
The developing of scientific advances of liquid lens. Class 12 th to find the refractive index of oil and water using lens and mirror pdf link. In the experiment, the fabricated rgpa lc lens with aperture size of 5 mm possesses a simple planar electrode structure, low operation voltage liquid lens without an offtheplane electrode structure and to demonstrate the planar liquid lens with variable focal length control. Industrys smallest liquid lens driver for tiny autofocus. But in a liquid lens camera, the droplet stays put and only its curvature changes. The electrowetting lens is an essential component of the liquid refractive index meter system. The traditional liquid lens drivers available on the market require components. Unlike the liquid lens, conventional lens technology requires mechanical adjustments in order to focus or enlarge the images, being captured. Ray box with illuminated object, white screen, lens holder, metre rule and lens background the purpose of the experiment is to study image formation by a thin lens. Apparatus a convex lens, a plane mirror, clean transparent liquid in a beaker, an optical needle, a thick knitting needle passed through a rubber cork, an iron stand with base and clamp arrangement, plumb line, plane glass slab, a spherometer, half metre scale etc. Apr 16, 2020 this would be more difficult with a standard lens, because the lens cannot change its shape, and so it must be physically moved to change the focus. Another kind of liquid lens technology is used for novelty items like these from xtrude fx systems. When performing as a planoconvex liquid lens, the focal length f is determined by the.
Water forms naturally a bubble shape when adhered to materials such as glass or plastics. Refractive index of different liquids using hollow prism physics kids projects, physics science fair project, pyhsical science, astrology, planets solar experiments for kids and also organics physics science ideas for cbse, icse, gcse, middleschool, elementary school for 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th and high school students. The illumination helps to conduct the experiment even in low light conditions. The liquid lens also uses two isodensity liquids, an insulator and a conductor. You can calculate the focal length of the liquid lens f 2 using the equation, the radius of curvature of the lens is r cm. Nonmechanical beam steering is a rapidly growing branch of adaptive optics with applications such as light detection and ranging, imaging, optical communications, and atomic physics. To determine the refractive index of a liquid water using i concave mirror, ii convex. Liquid lens can be considered as infinitely variables lens with variable focus, and the focus is controlled without using any moving parts. Liquid lens technology is highly preferred over conventional lens technology. This document gives a complete project report on the phenomenon of.
The liquid lens is controlled by applying a voltage, which shapes the oil drop into a transparent variable lens. Experiment 19 to find refractive index of a liquid by using convex. To realize the adjustment of the focuses progressively, the thickness of one of the membrane is designed nonuniform. Liquid lenses market global industry analysis, size, share. The theory behind the liquid lens is based on the properties of one or more liquids to create magnifications within a small amount of space. Tag optics patented technology uses piezoelectrics to generate sound in the liquid, resulting in an index of refraction profile that behaves like a simple aspheric lens element. This is because the light condensed by the convex lens is once more refracted into parallel light by the concave lens. The spherical droplet can be used as a liquid lens when its refractive index is different form the medium. Electro wetting with the applied potential, the contact angle of the conductive liquid was changed, which was referenced as electro wetting.
Play with the pwm control until the liquid lens starts to actuate. The liquid lens physics astronomy project topics, physics science fair projects, pyhsical science, astrology, planets solar experiments for kids and also organics physics science ideas for cbse, icse, gcse, middleschool, elementary school for 5th, 6th, 7th. About liquid lens 20 years of resin doming innovation. Doc to find the refractive indexes ofawater b oil using. Use hand lensmagnifying glass to read the vernier scale to avoid. Our experiment on 28th and 29th march 2016 at department of physics, faculty of science, ubon ratchathani university on the north east of thailand. A liquid progressive multifocal lens adjusted by the. With 20 years of growth, development and partnership to draw upon, liquid lens is the market leader for quality doming resin, doming technology and domed label production, and were still innovating. A variablefocus liquid lens using a transparent flat cell is demonstrated. On placing the convex lens on the liquid, a combination of a convex glass and a planoconcave liquid lens results. The focal length f of the combination is found as above, and the focal length f l of the liquid lens calculated from f and f l. But in a liquid lens camera, the droplet stays put and only its.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the equilibrium. Each liquid lens of the array is individually tunable via electrowetting on dielectric ewod actuation and is situated on a polydimethylsiloxane pdms substrate, which allows the lens array to. The radius of curvature r of the lens surface in contact. A water drop is deposited on a substrate made of metal and covered by a thin insulating layer. Pdf determination of refractive index of a liquid using. A compound lens, made of a pair of thin convex glass cover enveloping a liquid water and glycerine separately in our experiment and are. The students are to determine the refractive index of a liquid by the realapparent method. Experiment 5 determination of the refractive index of a liquid by a liquid lens method objective. Liquid lens does not have any movable parts and has an optimal power consumption level. This would be more difficult with a standard lens, because the lens cannot change its shape, and so it must be physically moved to change the focus.
The lens itself is a sealed cell with water and oil inside. Essentially, liquid lenses are used in any application where there are large variations in object distance which require fast autofocusing. In this paper, a liquid progressive multifocal lens with solidliquid structure is demonstrated, which mainly consists of two elastic polydimethylsiloxane pdms membranes, a solid substrate and liquid. Refractive index of different liquids using hollow prism. To determine the refractive index of a liquid water using i concave mirr or, ii convex lens and a plane mirr or. Determination of the refractive index of a liquid by a liquidlens method. The focus of a liquid lens is controlled by the surface of the liquid. Use the noparallax technique to locate an apparent image of a real object 2. Focal length of a lens the following website should be accessed before coming to class. Jan 03, 2014 electro wetting with the applied potential, the contact angle of the conductive liquid was changed, which was referenced as electro wetting.
Attaching a liquid lens to existing fixed focal length lenses can be useful in applications requiring a large depth of field. Sep 07, 2014 for example, combining a single convex lens with a single concave lens enables distant objects to be seen in more detail. A liquid lens is pretty much exactly what it sounds like. I started working with liquid lens in 2014 as they were keen to ensure they were doing all they could to meet the current legal standards on health and safety with. When i first read about them, the killer app was supposedly going to be phone cameras. The cell itself does not move, and the isodensity of the liquids makes the entire lens resistant to mechanical shock. Are liquid lenses the next big thing in photography. This experiment is one of the most important experiments to find the. An optical design for an immersive headmounted display hmd with a liquid lens is described. For example, combining a single convex lens with a single concave lens enables distant objects to be seen in more detail. Dec 02, 2016 to find the refractive index of a liquid by using convex lens and plane mirror. Liquid lens experiment, to find the refractive index of water.
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